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The Swedish constitution consists of four fundamental laws ((スウェーデン語:grundlagar)): * The 1810 Act of Succession ((スウェーデン語:Successionsordningen)) * The 1949 Freedom of the Press Act ((スウェーデン語:Tryckfrihetsförordningen)) * The 1974 Instrument of Government ((スウェーデン語:Regeringsformen)) * The 1991 Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression ((スウェーデン語:Yttrandefrihetsgrundlagen)) There is also a law on the internal organisation and procedures of the Riksdag with a special status, although not regarded as a fundamental law, it requires the same amendment procedure as the fundamental laws except that it does not allow for an amendment referendum:〔 * The 1974 Riksdag Act ((スウェーデン語:Riksdagsordningen)) To amend or to make a revision of a fundamental law, the Riksdag needs to approve the changes twice in two successive terms, with a general election having been held in between.〔 ==Instrument of Government== The most important of the fundamental laws is the Instrument of Government ((スウェーデン語:Regeringsformen, RF)). It sets out the basic principles for political life in Sweden defining rights and freedoms. The 1974 Instrument of Government grants the power to commission a Prime Minister to the Riksdag, at the nomination of the Speaker of the Riksdag, who following a vote in the Riksdag signs the letter of commission on behalf of the Riksdag. The Prime Minister appoints members of the Government, including heads of ministries. The Government collectively decides on issues after hearing the report of the head of the ministry concerned. At least five Members of the Government need to be present for a decisional quorum to be made. In practice, reports are written and discussions very rare during formal cabinet meetings. It stripped the Swedish monarch of almost all of their powers, leaving them perhaps second only to the Emperor of Japan in their lack of constitutional authority. Constitutional functions for the head of state, i.e. the Monarch, include heading the Cabinet Councils (the King plus the Members of the Government), heading the Council on Foreign Affairs, recognizing new Cabinets (in the Council of State), and opening the annual session of the Riksdag. The King is to be continuously briefed on governmental issues—in the Council of State or directly by the Prime Minister. The first constitutional Instrument of Government was enacted in 1719, marking the transition from autocracy to parliamentarism. Sweden's bloodless coup d'état of 1772 was legitimized by the Riksdag of the Estates in new versions of the Instrument of Government (in 1772 and 1789), making the king a "constitutional autocrat". When the ancient Swedish land in 1809 was split in twine, and the Grand Duchy of Finland was created as an autonomous part of the Russian Empire, this constitutional autocracy was very well fitted for Finland and remained in force until Finland's independence in 1917. In Sweden, the loss of virtually half the realm led to another bloodless revolution, a new royal dynasty, and the Instrument of Government of 6 June 1809 (as well as a new Freedom of Press Act and Act of Succession). The new Instrument of Government established a separation of powers between the executive branch (the king) and the legislative branch (the Riksdag of the Estates) and gave the King and the Riksdag of the Estates joint power over legislation, with the king still playing a central role in government but no longer independently of the Privy Council. The King was free to choose councillors, but was bound to decide on governmental matters only in presence of the Privy Council, or a subset thereof, and after report of the councillor responsible for the matter in question. The councillor had to countersign a royal decision, unless it was unconstitutional, whereby it gained legal force. The councillor was legally responsible for his advice and was obliged to note his dissension in case he did not agree with the king's decision. This constitution put a considerable de jure power in the king, but which was increasingly followed the councillors' advice. From 1917, the king adhered to principles of parliamentarism by choosing councillors possessing direct or indirect support from a majority of the Riksdag. After over 50 years of de facto parliamentarism, it was written into the Instrument of Government of 1974, which, although technically adherent to Constitutional monarchy, created the Government of Sweden in its present constitutional form. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Constitution of Sweden」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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